When you’re pregnant, it’s important to eat a healthy diet that provides the nutrients you need. That helps keep you feeling your best and promotes healthy fetal development. But pregnancy also puts you at higher risk for foodborne illness. Some foods and drinks can increase your risk for pregnancy complications. Avoid high-mercury fish and processed meat, and go easy on salt and caffeine.
A group of adults are taking a fitness class together at the gym. They are working out on exercise mats and are holding a high plank.
A physical therapist answers your questions
If you suffer from back pain, you’ve probably heard that strengthening your core can bring you some relief. But is this always true? And if so, how do you do it? We spoke with Cleveland Clinic physical therapist Patti Mariano, DPT, to find out.
Q: What is your core?
When most people think about the core of the body they think of the abdominal or six-pack area just below the ribs. While the abdominal muscles are an important part of the core, we consider other areas important, too.
Your core includes:
Front abdominal muscles — the rectus abdominis
Muscles along the side of your body — the internal and external obliques
A deep muscle that wraps around the front — the transverse abdominis
Muscles in your back that are located between your spine bones and run along your spine — the erector spinae and multifidi
Your core also includes the diaphragm and muscles of the pelvic floor. I also consider the gluteal muscles as core muscles.
Q: What is the relationship between core strength and back pain?
Theoretically, if your muscles around the low back are weak, your body will rely more on passive structures, including ligaments — the tissue that connects bone to bone — as well as the spinal bones or discs, which lie between the spinal bones, for stability, which can cause pain.
But some studies have shown that specific core exercises are not any more beneficial than general exercise for low back pain. What we know is that exercise in general can help, and focusing on core muscles may provide some additional benefit.
Q: What are some exercises for the core that can help with back pain?
Here are my top five:
Side plank — Sit on the floor with your right hand below your right shoulder and feet stacked. Lift your body, keeping your legs long, abdominals engaged and feet stacked. Hold. Repeat on the other side. You can modify this pose by dropping your bottom knee to the floor for extra support.
Plank — Kneel on all fours. Pull in your abdomen and step your feet behind you until your legs are straight. Keep your hands directly under your shoulders and your neck straight. Hold your abdomen and legs tight and avoid letting your lower back sag. Hold and breathe for 30 seconds. You can modify this pose by lowering your knees.
Bird dog — Kneel on all fours. Reach one arm out in front of you, draw in your abdomen, and extend the opposite leg long behind you. Repeat on the other side.
Scissors — Lie on your back with your arms at your sides and legs pointed straight into the air above your hips. Press your lower back into the mat and tighten your abdomen. Lower your right leg until it’s a few inches from the floor. Raise your right leg up and begin lowering your left leg the same way. Continue switching right and left.
Upward dog — Lie face down with head slightly lifted and hands palm-down under your shoulders. Point your toes. Exhale, then press through your hands and the tops of your feet and raise your body and legs up until your arms are straight and your body and legs are off the ground. Keep your neck relaxed and long and thigh muscles tight as you hold and breathe.
For the plank exercises, start by holding them for 15 seconds to 30 seconds. For bird dog and scissors, try three sets of eight or 10 repetitions. For upward dog, do one set of 10 repetitions.
Q: Can you injure your back by trying to strengthen your core?
Any exercise performed incorrectly, whether it is core-strengthening or otherwise, has the potential to cause discomfort.
Twisting exercises or even incorrectly completing the exercises cited above can cause pain in the low back. But it’s highly unlikely that one repetition of an exercise will seriously harm your body, unless it’s an exercise using a very heavy weight.
The best way to keep your body safe is to listen to body cues such as pain during and immediately after an exercise, and the next day after exercising.
Q: When should you talk to a doctor about your back pain?
If any of the following is going on you should consult with your doctor:
Your pain has been going on for longer than a month, despite resting from activities that make it worse.
Your pain is getting worse.
Your pain wakes you from sleep.
Your pain is in your low back but also is going down one or both of your legs.
You notice that one leg is becoming weaker than the other.
Q: Where should you turn if you want help in creating a plan to address back pain?
Physical therapists train as musculoskeletal experts — they are the experts on muscles, bones and human movement. These professionals are the most qualified, aside from an orthopedic doctor, to assess back problems.
Since there are many factors that impact low back pain and many types of low back pain, it is a good idea to visit at least one time with a physical therapist for an evaluation and subsequent plan of care. This will give you an individually tailored plan with exercises that progress safely.
The idea of core strengthening, while beneficial, is just one piece of the low back pain puzzle.
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Why not try your hand at making homemade tomato sauce? The freshness of the tomatoes and the smokiness of the roasted vegetables make this a great topping for spaghetti. If you don’t have your own garden, use canned Roma tomatoes for a tasty dish that includes roasted mushrooms, broccoli and peppers.
Ingredients
Tomato sauce
Olive oil cooking spray 2 garlic cloves, minced 1 small carrot, minced 1 shallot, minced 4 cups peeled, seeded, and diced ripe tomatoes or one 28-ounce can no-salt-added diced tomatoes, drained 1/4 cup dry red wine 1 1/2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar 1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes, optional 1/4 cup chopped fresh basil
Pasta
1/2 pound whole wheat spaghetti 3/4 pound broccoli florets and stalks, peeled and cut into bite-size pieces 2 portobello mushrooms, halved and thinly sliced 1 red, yellow or orange bell pepper, seeded and coarsely chopped 1 1/2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil 1 1/2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar Freshly grated pepper 2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmesan cheese
Directions
Preheat oven to 400° F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with aluminum foil.
To make the sauce, coat a large pot with cooking spray and saute the garlic, carrot and shallot over low heat until they begin to wilt, about 5 minutes. Stir in the tomatoes, wine, vinegar and red pepper flakes (if using). Cover and simmer slowly for 30 minutes.
Stir in the basil and simmer for 10 minutes more. (To make a smoother sauce, cool and process in batches in either a blender or food processor.) Set aside.
Place the broccoli, mushrooms and bell pepper on the prepared pan. Toss with oil and vinegar. Roast about 10 minutes until crisp or done to your taste. Sprinkle with pepper.
Cook the pasta according to package directions. Drain.
In a large serving bowl, toss the pasta with 2 cups tomato sauce. Top with the roasted vegetables and sprinkle with Parmesan cheese.
Nutrition information (per serving)
Makes 4 servings
Calories: 363 Total fat: 4 g Protein: 15 g Carbohydrate: 71 g Dietary fiber: 4 g Cholesterol: 0 mg Sodium: 100 mg Potassium: 93 mg
The best choices are high in omega-3s and protein and low in mercury
Fish has earned its reputation as one of the healthiest proteins you can put on your plate. But with so many options in the seafood case, it can be hard to know which ones deserve a spot in your shopping cart.
“It can get overwhelming sometimes with so many choices,” says registered dietitian Julia Zumpano, RD, LD. “The key is choosing fish that give you the most nutritional benefit while limiting your mercury exposure.”
The 5 best fish to eat
Fish is packed with lean protein, but its biggest nutritional advantage is omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats can help support heart and brain health and lower inflammation, among other benefits.
Zumpano’s top choices for fish are all high in omega-3s and protein, as well as other vitamins and nutrients.
They’re also low in mercury, a toxic metal that brings health concerns in high amounts.
Here are five fish choices to search out at the market.
1. Sardines
Don’t let their tiny size fool you: “Sardines offer big health benefits,” says Zumpano.
A 3-ounce serving provides about 2 grams of omega-3 fatty acids — one of the highest amounts of any fish. They’re also a good source of calcium and vitamin D, essential nutrients your body needs to work right.
Another perk? They’re inexpensive and easy to keep on hand. You can buy sardines packed in olive oil or tomato sauce and add them to:
Salads
Pasta dishes
Grain bowls
Toast
If you’re watching your sodium intake, compare nutrition labels and choose lower-sodium varieties when possible.
2. Herring
Herring is another oily fish loaded with omega-3s. While it contains slightly less omega-3 than sardines, herring still delivers plenty of heart-healthy fats. It’s also swimming in vitamin B12 and vitamin D.
Depending on your preferences, herring can be eaten:
Cooked fresh
Smoked
Pickled
Canned
“Herring has a stronger, fishier flavor because it’s rich in those healthy oils,” Zumpano notes. “If you’re trying it for the first time, using mustard and dill is a traditional preparation that’s a great place to start.”
3. Mackerel
Mackerel is another excellent source of omega-3s and lean protein, but there’s one important catch: Not all mackerel is created equal.
It’s best to choose the smaller Atlantic or Spanish mackerel, which are relatively low in mercury, clarifies Zumpano. And pass on king mackerel, a larger predator fish that contains much higher mercury levels.
Mackerel is tasty grilled, baked or poached. The fish pairs well with vegetables, salads and whole grains for a balanced meal.
4. Salmon
No list of healthy fish would be complete without salmon. Popular with diners for its rich and meaty texture, salmon is another excellent source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids and key vitamins.
When it comes to nutritional value, wild salmon holds a slight edge over responsibly raised farmed salmon, notes Zumpano. But both are excellent choices.
“If you have the opportunity to choose wild Pacific salmon, it’s a great option,” she adds. “But don’t be afraid to eat farm-raised Atlantic salmon if that’s what’s available or fits your budget.”
5. Rainbow trout
Rainbow trout is another option in the seafood case that checks a lot of good-for-your-health boxes. It’s rich in lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids while also providing important key vitamins and nutrients.
“Rainbow trout has a mild flavor and soft texture, too, so it’s easy to work into meals,” says Zumpano. Try it baked, grilled or pan-seared. It goes nicely with veggies, salads or whole grains for a balanced plate.
Fish to limit
No fish is completely “bad” for you, given the protein and other nutrients they offer. But some are worth eating less often because they’re lower in omega-3s or potentially higher in mercury or other contaminants.
This list includes:
Tilapia: While tilapia is a lean source of protein, it lacks the omega-3 content of other fish. “Most people don’t get enough omega-3s in their diet, so if you’re going to enjoy fish, try to choose fish that are highest in that nutrient,” suggests Zumpano.
Tuna: Both fresh and canned tuna provide protein and omega-3s. The concern is mercury. Larger fish tend to accumulate more mercury over time, so Zumpano recommends limiting tuna to about 6 ounces per week. If you buy canned tuna, chunk light varieties generally contain less mercury than albacore.
Imported catfish: Most catfish sold in the United States is imported, which brings concerns about potential contaminants, cautions Zumpano. If catfish is a favorite, look for farm-raised fish from the U.S.
Larger fish: Mercury concerns typically rise with the size of the fish. The reason? Big fish (like marlin, shark and swordfish) eat smaller fish and absorb the mercury that accumulates in their bodies over time.
Final thoughts
While fish consumption in the United States has risen in recent years, most Americans still don’t eat from the seas often enough, says Zumpano. That adds up to a lot of people missing out on an important source of omega-3 fatty acids.
In general, health experts recommend that adults eat two 4-ounce servings of fish per week as part of a healthy and balanced diet. (Pregnant or breastfeeding women should limit it to one serving per week, given the mentioned mercury concerns.)
Zumpano recommends adding a variety of seafood to your meals. If you’re looking for choices other than the fish cited here, check out the “best choices” list put together by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
“Fish is one of the healthiest sources of protein you can eat,” reiterates Zumpano. “When you choose fish that’s high in omega-3s and lower in mercury, you’re getting the greatest nutritional benefit.”
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You’re taking cough syrup and lozenges in an attempt to get some relief. But what about using honey for sore throat symptoms? Does this natural home remedy actually work to soothe a sore throat and cough?
In addition to having other symptoms like nasal congestion, fatigue and fever, you may develop a cough.
Honey has a long history of being used as a natural remedy. And one remedy is to soothe sore throats and help alleviate a cough.
“Research shows that honey has some antimicrobial and anti-inflammation properties. Honey can help by decreasing inflammation and irritation in your throat,” explains Dr. Rainbolt. “Another study shows that honey may reduce mucus secretion. So, you can use honey for cough symptoms as well, whether it’s a wet or dry cough.”
Is it safe for children?
Giving honey to a child under 1-year-old isn’t recommended, warns Dr. Rainbolt.
“There’s concern for an infant botulism, a serious illness that’s caused by Clostridium botulinum,” she continues. “While it’s a rare occurrence, honey can contain spores that cause botulism. It attacks the body’s nervous system and children under one are more vulnerable.”
How to use for a sore throat
Most sore throats tend to get better within a week, but during that time, adults can take a spoonful (about 1 teaspoon) of honey for a cough and sore throat.
You can also dilute half a teaspoon to 1 teaspoon of honey in warm water or tea. This method is also recommended for children older than 1.
“You can use it with any kind of herbal tea or warm water with lemon juice, which can be soothing as well,” says Dr. Rainbolt.
So, how often can you use this home remedy? Dr. Rainbolt recommends using honey no more than four or five times a day.
And part of that reasoning is that honey does contain sugar.
“If you’re concerned about your sugar intake, then I recommend using honey more sparingly,” she says. “I would just use it at night to give you some relief before you go to bed.”
And can you use both honey and traditional cold medicine?
Yes, says Dr. Rainbolt.
“If it seems like the honey isn’t helping on its own, then you can certainly do both honey and medication, if medicine is something that you are able to take,” she notes.
Is honey safe to use?
Honey can be a helpful tool for those who can’t take traditional cold medications — for example, children under 6 years old or individuals with health conditions like high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease.
Overall, honey can be a good way to help soothe your sore throat and cough. It doesn’t come with some of the side effects that over-the-counter medications have like drowsiness.
So, can you just buy any honey you see on the grocery store shelf?
Yes, but you might want to make sure it’s been pasteurized. The pasteurization process removes any crystallization and unwanted yeast. It also improves honey’s texture and color, while extending its shelf life.
Dr. Rainbolt also mentions that some people think using local honey, which tends to be unpasteurized or raw, can come with extra benefits.
“There’s a thought that if you use local honey, you are exposed to some of the area’s natural allergens in a positive way,” she explains. “The idea is that it will help with allergies you have.”
The next time your throat starts to tickle, reach for honey and see if it helps.
“Think of honey as a first line of defense for those over 1 year old,” says Dr. Rainbolt. “Honey is something that pretty much everyone can try. And it’s been shown to work as well as some cough suppressant medications. It’s a nice alternative.”