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Our sports medicine physician shares how temperature can affect physical fitness and which temps are best for your workouts. @ClevelandClinic Matthew Kampert, DO,

Person hiking outdoors in cold weather, and person hiking ouotdoors in hot weather

Cold vs. Heat: Which Temp Burns More Calories?

Any extra calorie burn from exercising in cold or hot temps is minimal

Everyone has their preferences for how they want to exercise. Some like to wear layers and turn up the heat when pumping iron. Others like to run for miles, no matter how cold it is outside. But have you ever given any thought to how many calories you’re burning when it’s cold or hot — and if one burns more calories than the other?

Sports medicine physician Matthew Kampert, DO, shares how temperature can affect physical fitness and which temps are best for your workouts.

Is cold or hot weather better for burning calories?

It takes a lot of energy — in the form of calories — to keep you alive. Even when you’re at rest, your body is constantly burning calories to do vital things like keep your heart beating.

It also takes calories to keep your core body temperature at about 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit (37 degrees Celsius). If your body gets too hot or too cold, it burns extra calories to get your core body temperature back to a healthy range. This process is called thermoregulation.

“The harder your muscles work, the more calories you burn,” says Dr. Kampert. “So, if you’re exercising in hotter or colder weather, your body has to work harder to regulate its temperature while you’re exercising.”

Both cold and hot weather can slightly increase the number of calories your body burns. But for most people, the difference is so small that it won’t have much impact on weight loss. It’s the workout itself that’s responsible for burning most of your calories.

Dr. Kampert explains how calorie burn changes in both cold and hot environments.

Burning calories in the cold

In colder environments, your body works to keep your core temperature from dropping. To do that, it first tries to conserve heat. If that’s not enough, it starts generating more heat. This process involves several different mechanisms, such as:

  • Vasoconstriction: Your blood vessels narrow and send less warm blood to the surface of your skin to help reduce heat loss.
  • Brown adipose tissue activation: Everyone has brown fat, a special kind of fat that burns calories to generate heat, helping your body maintain its temperature.
  • Shivering: When you’ve got the chills, your muscles automatically burn calories and generate heat by rapidly contracting and relaxing.

“Your muscles require energy every time they move, even when it’s an involuntary action like shivering,” explains Dr. Kampert. “You may burn a few extra calories when you’re cold, but the increase is small and isn’t enough to make exercising in cold weather a weight-loss strategy.”

Plus, without proper protection and enough layering, long-term exposure to cold weather could lead to injury and impact dexterity, flexibility and muscle strength.

Burning calories in the heat

Some people intentionally exercise in the heat or wear extra layers to make themselves sweat more, thinking it will help them burn more calories. But sweating doesn’t always equal an increase in calorie burn. It’s simply your body’s way of cooling itself down through thermoregulation.

When your body overheats, it works to lower your core temperature to healthy levels. It does this primarily through:

  • Vasodilation: Your blood vessels widen to send more warm blood to the surface of your skin, allowing heat to escape.
  • Sweating: Sweat evaporates from your skin, carrying heat away from your body and helping prevent overheating.

“Sweat evaporates more easily in hot, dry environments,” says Dr. Kampert. “In humid environments, the air is already saturated with water vapor, so it becomes harder for your body to cool itself down and harder to exercise.”

Trying to make yourself sweat more by exercising in extreme heat or wearing heavy clothing isn’t an effective weight-loss strategy. Instead, it can increase your risk of:

  • Dehydration
  • Heat cramps
  • Heat exhaustion
  • Heatstroke

A better approach to working out in any temp

Working out in extreme temperatures poses significant risk for older adults, young children and others with a reduced ability to regulate body temperature.

Check in with your healthcare provider before exercising in cold or hot temps if you:

  • Have cardiovascular disease
  • Have diabetes
  • Have obesity
  • Take certain medications, like blood thinners

“If your goal is to burn more calories, the intensity, duration and consistency of your workout matter far more than the temperature of your surroundings,” stresses Dr. Kampert. “When exercising, focus on training safely and be prepared for inclement weather.”

Avoid wearing too many layers or accessories on your next cold run. Excess sweat can cool your body too quickly after exercising, making you feel colder. Instead, Dr. Kampert suggests wearing:

  • A synthetic moisture-wicking base layer, like nylon or polyester
  • An insulating middle layer, like fleece or wool
  • A windproof or weatherproof outer layer

When it comes to the heat, stick to clothing that’s:

  • Lightweight
  • Light-colored
  • Loose fitting

In either case, you want to stay hydrated and take things slow. If you feel dizzy or distressed, or if something doesn’t feel right, stop what you’re doing and head inside for recovery.

“Exercising in extreme temperatures increases the intensity of a workout, but it comes with its own set of risks and won’t increase how many calories you’re burning in any significant way,” reiterates Dr. Kampert. “If you’re looking to burn more calories, try progressing your workouts by increasing the amount of sets, reps or weight you’re lifting.”

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AVOID ALCOHOL 🤢🤮 when you’re pregnant @ClevelandClinic

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Cleveland Clinic

@ClevelandClinic

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When you’re pregnant, it’s important to eat a healthy diet that provides the nutrients you need. That helps keep you feeling your best and promotes healthy fetal development. But pregnancy also puts you at higher risk for foodborne illness. Some foods and drinks can increase your risk for pregnancy complications. Avoid high-mercury fish and processed meat, and go easy on salt and caffeine.

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A Strong Core is Your Best Guard Against Back Pain @ClevelandClinic

A group of adults are taking a fitness class together at the gym. They are working out on exercise mats and are holding a high plank.
A group of adults are taking a fitness class together at the gym. They are working out on exercise mats and are holding a high plank.

A physical therapist answers your questions

If you suffer from back pain, you’ve probably heard that strengthening your core can bring you some relief. But is this always true? And if so, how do you do it? We spoke with Cleveland Clinic physical therapist Patti Mariano, DPT, to find out.

Q: What is your core?

When most people think about the core of the body they think of the abdominal or six-pack area just below the ribs. While the abdominal muscles are an important part of the core, we consider other areas important, too.

Your core includes:

  • Front abdominal muscles — the rectus abdominis
  • Muscles along the side of your body — the internal and external obliques
  • A deep muscle that wraps around the front — the transverse abdominis
  • Muscles in your back that are located between your spine bones and run along your spine — the erector spinae and multifidi

Your core also includes the diaphragm and muscles of the pelvic floor. I also consider the gluteal muscles as core muscles.

Q: What is the relationship between core strength and back pain?

Theoretically, if your muscles around the low back are weak, your body will rely more on passive structures, including ligaments — the tissue that connects bone to bone — as well as the spinal bones or discs, which lie between the spinal bones, for stability, which can cause pain.

But some studies have shown that specific core exercises are not any more beneficial than general exercise for low back pain. What we know is that exercise in general can help, and focusing on core muscles may provide some additional benefit.

Q: What are some exercises for the core that can help with back pain?

Here are my top five:

  • Side plank — Sit on the floor with your right hand below your right shoulder and feet stacked. Lift your body, keeping your legs long, abdominals engaged and feet stacked. Hold. Repeat on the other side. You can modify this pose by dropping your bottom knee to the floor for extra support.
  • Plank — Kneel on all fours. Pull in your abdomen and step your feet behind you until your legs are straight. Keep your hands directly under your shoulders and your neck straight. Hold your abdomen and legs tight and avoid letting your lower back sag. Hold and breathe for 30 seconds. You can modify this pose by lowering your knees.
  • Bird dog — Kneel  on all fours. Reach one arm out in front of you, draw in your abdomen, and extend the opposite leg long behind you. Repeat on the other side.
  • Scissors — Lie on your back with your arms at your sides and legs pointed straight into the air above your hips. Press your lower back into the mat and tighten your abdomen. Lower your right leg until it’s a few inches from the floor. Raise your right leg up and begin lowering your left leg the same way. Continue switching right and left.
  • Upward dog — Lie face down with head slightly lifted and hands palm-down under your shoulders. Point your toes. Exhale, then press through your hands and the tops of your feet and raise your body and legs up until your arms are straight and your body and legs are off the ground. Keep your neck relaxed and long and thigh muscles tight as you hold and breathe.

For the plank exercises, start by holding them for 15 seconds to 30 seconds. For bird dog and scissors, try three sets of eight or 10 repetitions. For upward dog, do one set of 10 repetitions.

Q: Can you injure your back by trying to strengthen your core?

Any exercise performed incorrectly, whether it is core-strengthening or otherwise, has the potential to cause discomfort.

Twisting exercises or even incorrectly completing the exercises cited above can cause pain in the low back. But it’s highly unlikely that one repetition of an exercise will seriously harm your body, unless it’s an exercise using a very heavy weight.

The best way to keep your body safe is to listen to body cues such as pain during and immediately after an exercise, and the next day after exercising.

Q: When should you talk to a doctor about your back pain?

If any of the following is going on you should consult with your doctor:

  • Your pain has been going on for longer than a month, despite resting from activities that make it worse.
  • Your pain is getting worse.
  • Your pain wakes you from sleep.
  • Your pain is in your low back but also is going down one or both of your legs.
  • You notice that one leg is becoming weaker than the other.

Q: Where should you turn if you want help in creating a plan to address back pain?

Physical therapists train as musculoskeletal experts — they are the experts on muscles, bones and human movement. These professionals are the most qualified, aside from an orthopedic doctor, to assess back problems.

Since there are many factors that impact low back pain and many types of low back pain, it is a good idea to visit at least one time with a physical therapist for an evaluation and subsequent plan of care. This will give you an individually tailored plan with exercises that progress safely.

The idea of core strengthening, while beneficial, is just one piece of the low back pain puzzle.

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/2016/07/strong-core-best-guard-back-pain/

 

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.@DollyParton generous support helped fund early research at Vanderbilt Health into what is now a vaccine that’s helping end the pandemic. Vanderbilt Health






Vanderbilt Health

@VUMChealth
·


We love hearing @DollyParton
sing “vaccine, vaccine, vaccine, vacciiiiiiiinnnnne” on our campus today, just before she got hers. Dolly’s generous support helped fund early research at Vanderbilt Health into what is now a vaccine that’s helping end the pandemic. THANK YOU, DOLLY!
Mandatory Credit: Photo by Stephen Lovekin/Shutterstock (10472108hg) Dolly Parton 53rd Annual CMA Awards, Arrivals, Bridgestone Arena, Nashville, USA – 13 Nov 2019
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Recipe: Spaghetti With Fresh Tomato Sauce and Roasted Vegetables @ClevelandClinic #nutrition

Why not try your hand at making homemade tomato sauce? The freshness of the tomatoes and the smokiness of the roasted vegetables make this a great topping for spaghetti. If you don’t have your own garden, use canned Roma tomatoes for a tasty dish that includes roasted mushrooms, broccoli and peppers.

Ingredients

Tomato sauce

Olive oil cooking spray
2 garlic cloves, minced
1 small carrot, minced
1 shallot, minced
4 cups peeled, seeded, and diced ripe tomatoes or one 28-ounce can no-salt-added diced tomatoes, drained
1/4 cup dry red wine
1 1/2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
1/4 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes, optional
1/4 cup chopped fresh basil

Pasta

1/2 pound whole wheat spaghetti
3/4 pound broccoli florets and stalks, peeled and cut into bite-size pieces
2 portobello mushrooms, halved and thinly sliced
1 red, yellow or orange bell pepper, seeded and coarsely chopped
1 1/2 tablespoons extra-virgin olive oil
1 1/2 tablespoons balsamic vinegar
Freshly grated pepper
2 tablespoons freshly grated Parmesan cheese

Directions

  1. Preheat oven to 400° F. Line a rimmed baking sheet with aluminum foil.
  2. To make the sauce, coat a large pot with cooking spray and saute the garlic, carrot and shallot over low heat until they begin to wilt, about 5 minutes. Stir in the tomatoes, wine, vinegar and red pepper flakes (if using). Cover and simmer slowly for 30 minutes.
  3. Stir in the basil and simmer for 10 minutes more. (To make a smoother sauce, cool and process in batches in either a blender or food processor.) Set aside.
  4. Place the broccoli, mushrooms and bell pepper on the prepared pan. Toss with oil and vinegar. Roast about 10 minutes until crisp or done to your taste. Sprinkle with pepper.
  5. Cook the pasta according to package directions. Drain.
  6. In a large serving bowl, toss the pasta with 2 cups tomato sauce. Top with the roasted vegetables and sprinkle with Parmesan cheese.

Nutrition information (per serving)

Makes 4 servings

Calories: 363
Total fat: 4 g
Protein: 15 g
Carbohydrate: 71 g
Dietary fiber: 4 g
Cholesterol: 0 mg
Sodium: 100 mg
Potassium: 93 mg

— Cleveland Clinic Healthy Heart Lifestyle Guide and Cookbook (© 2007 Broadway Books).

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Fish is packed with lean protein, but its biggest nutritional advantage is omega-3 fatty acids. @ClevelandClinic

August 24, 2026/Diet, Food & Fitness/Nutrition

Best Catch: The Healthiest Fish To Eat

The best choices are high in omega-3s and protein and low in mercury

Fish has earned its reputation as one of the healthiest proteins you can put on your plate. But with so many options in the seafood case, it can be hard to know which ones deserve a spot in your shopping cart.

“It can get overwhelming sometimes with so many choices,” says registered dietitian Julia Zumpano, RD, LD. “The key is choosing fish that give you the most nutritional benefit while limiting your mercury exposure.”

The 5 best fish to eat

Fish is packed with lean protein, but its biggest nutritional advantage is omega-3 fatty acids. These healthy fats can help support heart and brain health and lower inflammation, among other benefits.

Zumpano’s top choices for fish are all high in omega-3s and protein, as well as other vitamins and nutrients.

They’re also low in mercury, a toxic metal that brings health concerns in high amounts.

Here are five fish choices to search out at the market.

1. Sardines

Don’t let their tiny size fool you: “Sardines offer big health benefits,” says Zumpano.

A 3-ounce serving provides about 2 grams of omega-3 fatty acids — one of the highest amounts of any fish. They’re also a good source of calcium and vitamin D, essential nutrients your body needs to work right.

Another perk? They’re inexpensive and easy to keep on hand. You can buy sardines packed in olive oil or tomato sauce and add them to:

  • Salads
  • Pasta dishes
  • Grain bowls
  • Toast

If you’re watching your sodium intake, compare nutrition labels and choose lower-sodium varieties when possible.

2. Herring

Herring is another oily fish loaded with omega-3s. While it contains slightly less omega-3 than sardines, herring still delivers plenty of heart-healthy fats. It’s also swimming in vitamin B12 and vitamin D.

Depending on your preferences, herring can be eaten:

  • Cooked fresh
  • Smoked
  • Pickled
  • Canned

“Herring has a stronger, fishier flavor because it’s rich in those healthy oils,” Zumpano notes. “If you’re trying it for the first time, using mustard and dill is a traditional preparation that’s a great place to start.”

3. Mackerel

Mackerel is another excellent source of omega-3s and lean protein, but there’s one important catch: Not all mackerel is created equal.

It’s best to choose the smaller Atlantic or Spanish mackerel, which are relatively low in mercury, clarifies Zumpano. And pass on king mackerel, a larger predator fish that contains much higher mercury levels.

Mackerel is tasty grilled, baked or poached. The fish pairs well with vegetables, salads and whole grains for a balanced meal.

4. Salmon

No list of healthy fish would be complete without salmon. Popular with diners for its rich and meaty texture, salmon is another excellent source of protein, omega-3 fatty acids and key vitamins.

When it comes to nutritional value, wild salmon holds a slight edge over responsibly raised farmed salmon, notes Zumpano. But both are excellent choices.

“If you have the opportunity to choose wild Pacific salmon, it’s a great option,” she adds. “But don’t be afraid to eat farm-raised Atlantic salmon if that’s what’s available or fits your budget.”

5. Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout is another option in the seafood case that checks a lot of good-for-your-health boxes. It’s rich in lean protein and omega-3 fatty acids while also providing important key vitamins and nutrients.

“Rainbow trout has a mild flavor and soft texture, too, so it’s easy to work into meals,” says Zumpano. Try it baked, grilled or pan-seared. It goes nicely with veggies, salads or whole grains for a balanced plate.

Fish to limit

No fish is completely “bad” for you, given the protein and other nutrients they offer. But some are worth eating less often because they’re lower in omega-3s or potentially higher in mercury or other contaminants.

This list includes:

  • Tilapia: While tilapia is a lean source of protein, it lacks the omega-3 content of other fish. “Most people don’t get enough omega-3s in their diet, so if you’re going to enjoy fish, try to choose fish that are highest in that nutrient,” suggests Zumpano.
  • Tuna: Both fresh and canned tuna provide protein and omega-3s. The concern is mercury. Larger fish tend to accumulate more mercury over time, so Zumpano recommends limiting tuna to about 6 ounces per week. If you buy canned tuna, chunk light varieties generally contain less mercury than albacore.
  • Imported catfish: Most catfish sold in the United States is imported, which brings concerns about potential contaminants, cautions Zumpano. If catfish is a favorite, look for farm-raised fish from the U.S.
  • Larger fish: Mercury concerns typically rise with the size of the fish. The reason? Big fish (like marlin, shark and swordfish) eat smaller fish and absorb the mercury that accumulates in their bodies over time.

Final thoughts

While fish consumption in the United States has risen in recent years, most Americans still don’t eat from the seas often enough, says Zumpano. That adds up to a lot of people missing out on an important source of omega-3 fatty acids.

In general, health experts recommend that adults eat two 4-ounce servings of fish per week as part of a healthy and balanced diet. (Pregnant or breastfeeding women should limit it to one serving per week, given the mentioned mercury concerns.)

Zumpano recommends adding a variety of seafood to your meals. If you’re looking for choices other than the fish cited here, check out the “best choices” list put together by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

“Fish is one of the healthiest sources of protein you can eat,” reiterates Zumpano. “When you choose fish that’s high in omega-3s and lower in mercury, you’re getting the greatest nutritional benefit.”