The health of mothers and babies is the foundation of healthy families and communities, helping ensure hopeful futures for us all.
World Health Day, celebrated on 7 April 2025, will kick off a year-long campaign on maternal and newborn health. The campaign, titled Healthy beginnings, hopeful futures, will urge governments and the health community to ramp up efforts to end preventable maternal and newborn deaths, and to prioritize womenโs longer-term health and well-being.
WHO and partners will also share useful information to support healthy pregnancies and births, and better postnatal health.
This task is critical. Tragically, based on currently published estimates, close to 300 000 women lose their life due to pregnancy or childbirth each year, while over 2 million babies die in their first month of life and around 2 million more are stillborn. Thatโs roughly 1 preventable death every 7 seconds.
Based on current trends, a staggering 4 out of 5 countries are off track to meet targets for improving maternal survival by 2030. 1 in 3 will fail to meet targets for reducing newborn deaths.
Listening to women and supporting families
Women and families everywhere need high quality care that supports them physically and emotionally, before, during and after birth.
Health systems must evolve to manage the many health issues that impact maternal and newborn health. These not only include direct obstetric complications but also mental health conditions, noncommunicable diseases and family planning.
Additionally, women and families should be supported by laws and policies that safeguard their health and rights.
Campaign goals
Toโฏraise awarenessโฏabout gaps in maternal and newborn survival and the need to prioritize womenโs longer-term well-being.
Toโฏadvocate for effective investments that improve the health of women and babies.โฏ
Toโฏencourage collective actionโฏto support parents as well as health professionals who provide critical care.
Toโฏprovide useful health information relating to pregnancy, childbirth, and the postnatal period. ย
Get involved
Hereโs what you can do to support the campaign:
Spread awareness:โฏshare informationย about the campaign usingโฏ#HopefulFutures and #HealthForAll.
Participate:โฏattend ourย global eventsย to learn more about what it will take to end maternal and newborn mortality.
Donate:โฏcontribute to theย WHO Foundationย which supports WHOโs work to protect mothers and babies in countries around the world.
Motherhood is a journey filled with love, but at times can be isolating. Join our campaign to combat loneliness in motherhood and help create a supportive community where every mum feels connected. Visit http://themotherhoodprogramme.ie
How Long To Breastfeed: What the Guidelines Say and What To Consider
Recommendations encourage breast milk exclusively for babyโs first six months and continuing to provide human milk until age 2 and beyond
How and what you feed your baby is probably one of the most basic โ and yet deeply personal โ decisions youโll face when you become a parent.
Youโll hear things like โbreast is best.โ As in, breastfeeding (chestfeeding) is the absolute best way to nourish your baby.
And then you’ll hear the retort, โfed is best.โ Meaning breast milk (human milk) and formula are both fine. As long as your baby is getting nutrients in their belly, all is well.
Then come the opinions on how long you should breastfeed. (You’re still breastfeeding? You gave up on nursing already? You fed your baby formula?)
It can feel like thereโs no right way to do it. And thereโs some truth to that.
Because what works for one family may not be feasible for another. But thatโs OK.
Breast milk can provide certain benefits that formula canโt mimic. But breastfeeding, especially for long periods of time, might not work for everyone. Or you may have been given the impression that youโve continued providing human milk long after others think you โshould.โ
No one should feel guilt, shame or otherwise crummy about how they feed their baby. Letโs face it, mom guilt is tough enough as it is.
So, we talked with board-certified breastfeeding medicine physician Heidi Szugye, DO, about breastfeeding recommendations.
How long to breastfeed
Science shows that if you can give your baby human milk (either your own or a donorโs), it has its benefits. And the longer, the better, experts recommend.
12 months to 24 months (and beyond): Mostly solid foods with some human milk, as mutually desired by parent and child.
Previous recommendations called for providing breast milk until age 1. But these newer guidelines (implemented in 2022) are based on the understanding that human milk has benefits that continue long after babyโs first birthday. And they help to remove stigmas associated with people who choose to extend breastfeeding into toddlerhood.
โThese recommendations are a call to action for everyone, and that includes hospitals, pediatricians and all physicians that are taking care of families,โ Dr. Szugye states. โWe want to make sure our practices and policies are set up to support people who choose to breastfeed beyond the first year of their childโs life.โ
Think of the guidelines as the best-case scenario. If it works for you, your family, your child, your body and your life to breastfeed for two years or longer, youโre doing a great thing. And thereโs no reason to stop until you and your child are ready.
If it doesnโt work for you, thatโs OK, too. Your worth as a parent and your love for your child canโt be measured in ounces of milk.
Benefits of extended breastfeeding
The recommendations are based on research showing that human milk has some big benefits. And those perks continue for as long as you continue to supply it.
โBreastfeeding offers tremendous benefits โ from custom-made nutrition and increased immunity to protecting you against some forms of cancer. And those benefits donโt go away as your baby ages,โ Dr. Szugye shares. โWe have more and more data supporting that there are benefits to breastfeeding for more than one year when possible.โ
Breastfeeding can offer both you and your baby some big benefits:
Benefits for lactating parents
Benefits for baby
Lower risk of developing conditions like Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Decreased risk for ear infections, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal illnesses, SIDS, leukemia, diabetes, obesity, asthma and eczema.
โThere are a lot of immunologic factors and components to human milk,โ Dr. Szugye says. โOne big advantage to human milk is that you pass antibodies to the baby. So, if youโre exposed to a respiratory illness or GI illness, those antibodies are passed on to the baby and then that makes them less likely to get sick. And if they do get sick, itโs less severe. Itโs almost like a built-in immunity.โ
Keeping up milk supply for the long haul
Some people can make enough milk to breastfeed for as long as they and their babies choose. But some donโt. At least not without taking some steps to keep it up.
If you suspect your supply is dwindling as your child gets older, there are ways to help promote more milk production if you want.
โMany people notice their supply drop and mistakenly assume it wonโt return,โ Dr. Szugye notes. โBut if you want to continue to breastfeed, there are options that could help.โ
If a supply boost is in order, you can try:
Nursing more often โ Add sessions as long as your child will nurse. If youโre away from them during the day, try early evenings, mornings or weekends.
Pumping strategies โ An extra session or several short โpower pumpingโ sessions (think five to 10 minutes throughout the day) for several days in a row can trigger your body to make more milk.
Breast massage and compression โ Easy-to-learn techniques can improve drainage when nursing or pumping.
Take care of yourself โ Reduce stress, rest when possible, hydrate and eat a balanced diet with an extra 500 calories a day to support breastfeeding.
Not an โall-or-nothingโ
If two or more years of breastfeeding seems daunting, remember that you have options.
For starters, giving your child human milk doesnโt always mean latching them to your breast and nursing. Thatโs just one way to do it. Pumping milk and putting it in a bottle, cup or spoon are also options.
And you may find that a donor bank could be a route to explore if you donโt lactate or if you have concerns about a low milk supply. Donor milk is pasteurized, screened for drugs, medications and infections, and tested for bacterial contamination before itโs stored and made available for purchase.
โReach out to your pediatrician or womenโs healthcare provider if youโre interested in obtaining donor milk. You may need a prescription from a healthcare provider,โ Dr. Szugye suggests.
Remember, too, that any amount of human milk can be a benefit. If keeping up with your babyโs breastfeeding demands becomes too high a burden, there are alternatives.
Some parents may find that supplementing with formula (or other foods and milk after baby turns 1) can help give your child some human milk, while keeping up with their nutritional needs โ and not burning yourself out in the process.
โItโs not an all-or-nothing thing,โ Dr. Szugye reassures. โAny amount of human milk you can give is a benefit. If it doesnโt work for you to constantly supply human milk, thatโs OK. Weโre all just doing our best.โ
If breastfeeding is going well for both you and your child, thereโs no reason to give it up until youโre both ready to.
Feeding a baby is tough work, no matter how you do it. And chances are, youโre doing a fantastic job.
How Long To Breastfeed: What the Guidelines Say and What To Consider
Recommendations encourage breast milk exclusively for babyโs first six months and continuing to provide human milk until age 2 and beyond
How and what you feed your baby is probably one of the most basic โ and yet deeply personal โ decisions youโll face when you become a parent.
Youโll hear things like โbreast is best.โ As in, breastfeeding (chestfeeding) is the absolute best way to nourish your baby.
And then you’ll hear the retort, โfed is best.โ Meaning breast milk (human milk) and formula are both fine. As long as your baby is getting nutrients in their belly, all is well.
Then come the opinions on how long you should breastfeed. (You’re still breastfeeding? You gave up on nursing already? You fed your baby formula?)
It can feel like thereโs no right way to do it. And thereโs some truth to that.
Because what works for one family may not be feasible for another. But thatโs OK.
Breast milk can provide certain benefits that formula canโt mimic. But breastfeeding, especially for long periods of time, might not work for everyone. Or you may have been given the impression that youโve continued providing human milk long after others think you โshould.โ
No one should feel guilt, shame or otherwise crummy about how they feed their baby. Letโs face it, mom guilt is tough enough as it is.
So, we talked with board-certified breastfeeding medicine physician Heidi Szugye, DO, about breastfeeding recommendations.
How long to breastfeed
Science shows that if you can give your baby human milk (either your own or a donorโs), it has its benefits. And the longer, the better, experts recommend.
12 months to 24 months (and beyond): Mostly solid foods with some human milk, as mutually desired by parent and child.
Previous recommendations called for providing breast milk until age 1. But these newer guidelines (implemented in 2022) are based on the understanding that human milk has benefits that continue long after babyโs first birthday. And they help to remove stigmas associated with people who choose to extend breastfeeding into toddlerhood.
โThese recommendations are a call to action for everyone, and that includes hospitals, pediatricians and all physicians that are taking care of families,โ Dr. Szugye states. โWe want to make sure our practices and policies are set up to support people who choose to breastfeed beyond the first year of their childโs life.โ
Think of the guidelines as the best-case scenario. If it works for you, your family, your child, your body and your life to breastfeed for two years or longer, youโre doing a great thing. And thereโs no reason to stop until you and your child are ready.
If it doesnโt work for you, thatโs OK, too. Your worth as a parent and your love for your child canโt be measured in ounces of milk.
Benefits of extended breastfeeding
The recommendations are based on research showing that human milk has some big benefits. And those perks continue for as long as you continue to supply it.
โBreastfeeding offers tremendous benefits โ from custom-made nutrition and increased immunity to protecting you against some forms of cancer. And those benefits donโt go away as your baby ages,โ Dr. Szugye shares. โWe have more and more data supporting that there are benefits to breastfeeding for more than one year when possible.โ
Breastfeeding can offer both you and your baby some big benefits:
Benefits for lactating parents
Benefits for baby
Lower risk of developing conditions like Type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and ovarian cancer.
Decreased risk for ear infections, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal illnesses, SIDS, leukemia, diabetes, obesity, asthma and eczema.
โThere are a lot of immunologic factors and components to human milk,โ Dr. Szugye says. โOne big advantage to human milk is that you pass antibodies to the baby. So, if youโre exposed to a respiratory illness or GI illness, those antibodies are passed on to the baby and then that makes them less likely to get sick. And if they do get sick, itโs less severe. Itโs almost like a built-in immunity.โ
Keeping up milk supply for the long haul
Some people can make enough milk to breastfeed for as long as they and their babies choose. But some donโt. At least not without taking some steps to keep it up.
If you suspect your supply is dwindling as your child gets older, there are ways to help promote more milk production if you want.
โMany people notice their supply drop and mistakenly assume it wonโt return,โ Dr. Szugye notes. โBut if you want to continue to breastfeed, there are options that could help.โ
If a supply boost is in order, you can try:
Nursing more often โ Add sessions as long as your child will nurse. If youโre away from them during the day, try early evenings, mornings or weekends.
Pumping strategies โ An extra session or several short โpower pumpingโ sessions (think five to 10 minutes throughout the day) for several days in a row can trigger your body to make more milk.
Breast massage and compression โ Easy-to-learn techniques can improve drainage when nursing or pumping.
Take care of yourself โ Reduce stress, rest when possible, hydrate and eat a balanced diet with an extra 500 calories a day to support breastfeeding.
Not an โall-or-nothingโ
If two or more years of breastfeeding seems daunting, remember that you have options.
For starters, giving your child human milk doesnโt always mean latching them to your breast and nursing. Thatโs just one way to do it. Pumping milk and putting it in a bottle, cup or spoon are also options.
And you may find that a donor bank could be a route to explore if you donโt lactate or if you have concerns about a low milk supply. Donor milk is pasteurized, screened for drugs, medications and infections, and tested for bacterial contamination before itโs stored and made available for purchase.
โReach out to your pediatrician or womenโs healthcare provider if youโre interested in obtaining donor milk. You may need a prescription from a healthcare provider,โ Dr. Szugye suggests.
Remember, too, that any amount of human milk can be a benefit. If keeping up with your babyโs breastfeeding demands becomes too high a burden, there are alternatives.
Some parents may find that supplementing with formula (or other foods and milk after baby turns 1) can help give your child some human milk, while keeping up with their nutritional needs โ and not burning yourself out in the process.
โItโs not an all-or-nothing thing,โ Dr. Szugye reassures. โAny amount of human milk you can give is a benefit. If it doesnโt work for you to constantly supply human milk, thatโs OK. Weโre all just doing our best.โ
If breastfeeding is going well for both you and your child, thereโs no reason to give it up until youโre both ready to.
Feeding a baby is tough work, no matter how you do it. And chances are, youโre doing a fantastic job.