We all want to protect our kids whether it be from falls, bumps and bruises — or avoidable infections and diseases. To help your child avoid illness, it’s important to encourage good habits and take steps to boost their immune system from an early age.
“Most of what makes a child’s immune system strong is common sense,” says pediatrician Adriane Lioudis, MD. If you keep these five tips in mind, you’ll stack the deck in your child’s favor for a healthier life.
1. For newborns, consider breastfeeding
While it’s a very personal decision (that isn’t always possible), if you are able to exclusively breastfeed your child for at least six months, it may have benefits. Some research shows that breastfeeding your child might possibly reduce allergies, Dr. Lioudis says.
2. Promote regular hand washing
Eighty percent of infections are spread by touch. Teach your little one to take the time to wash their hands after sneezing, coughing and going to the bathroom. Washing hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds can remove bacteria and viruses and can reduce the chance of lung infections by up to 45%.
“Get the flu shot for your child yearly, as well,” Dr. Lioudis says. This is particularly important for children with asthma and other chronic health conditions.
Also, if your family will be traveling internationally, it’s important to seek advice from your child’s healthcare provider about any needed vaccinations.
4. Make sleep a priority
To maximize immunity, children must get enough sleep.
Babies between 0 and 3 months need 14 to 17 hours of sleep. Those between 4 and 12 months need 12 to 16 hours of sleep.
Children between the ages of 1 and 2 need between 11 and 14 hours.
Kids between the ages of 3 and 5 should get from10 to 13 hours.
Children ages 6 to 12 should get between 9 and 12 hours.
Teens between the ages of 13 to 18 need 8 to 10 hours.
Not getting enough sleep limits the body’s ability to produce proteins called cytokines that help fight infection and reduce inflammation.
5. Encourage a healthy diet
A healthy diet is also important for your child’s immune system.
Dr. Lioudis recommends encouraging your child to “eat the rainbow” when it comes to fruits and vegetables. A good selection of whole grains should be part of their diet as well. Keep processed foods to a minimum. Proper food choices can help ensure that your child gets enough vitamins — such as vitamin A and E. These vitamins are needed to maintain good health and a strong immune system.
You can’t avoid all illness, but some kids need extra protection
“Even if you follow these tips, your child might still get between seven and 11 colds each year,” says Dr. Lioudis. She adds that you can expect each one to last up to two weeks.
Also, keep in mind that some things billed as common “remedies” aren’t effective in boosting immunity. For example, there’s no definitive proof that large amounts of vitamin C or echinacea help prevent colds or shorten them, she says.
However, if your child has a compromised immune system, work closely with your pediatrician to find ways to improve his or her immunity. Each child needs a personalized approach because their individual immune system varies, Dr. Lioudis says.
“There’s generally a different protocol with immunocompromised children. There are some vaccines we have to add in on top of what most children have, but it’s something that we must determine on a case-by-case basis.
“When you create a meal centered around vegetables, you’re taking steps to improve and maximize your health,” says Liz Moore, registered dietitian at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Try these three meals today. — #HarvardHealth#Diet#Nutrition
Meatless Mondays, meet summer’s bounty: a wide variety of colorful, fresh summer vegetables now available in grocery stores, backyard gardens, and farmer’s markets. We’re talking sunshiny golden corn on the cob, deep purple eggplant, red beets, peppers of all hues, not to mention tomatoes, zucchini, green beans, cucumbers, and more. With a bit of simple prep, they’re ready to take center stage on your plate, reinforcing the joy of summer.
“Vegetables in our diet provide many benefits. And when you create a meal centered around them, you’re taking steps to improve and maximize your health,” says Liz Moore, the author of a heart-healthy cookbook and a registered dietitian at Harvard-affiliated Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Centering healthy vegetables on your plate
Making vegetables the stars of a meal is part of the “veg-centric” movement, which teaches people how to elevate even average vegetables to creative entrées and side dishes. The trend gives vegetables bold flavors by grilling, layering, caramelizing, or roasting them — steps you can take with a backyard grill or stovetop skillet.
Summer veggie meals have lots of important health perks. “Vegetables such as eggplant and beets of all colors are rich in fiber, Moore says. “Eating a high-fiber diet helps lower cholesterol and is linked to heart health, digestive health, and helping to maintain stable blood sugar levels. For those trying to lose weight, vegetables are low in calories and provide volume, which helps keep you full.”
Summer vegetables also have a wide variety of essential vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals (beneficial plant chemicals) like flavonoids. “For example, carotenoids in cooked tomatoes are rich in lycopene, which is associated with inhibiting cancer growth and boosting the immune system. And beets are a good source of folate and potassium,” Moore says.
Three easy summer vegetable meals
Wondering what to do with the colorful harvest available to you? Moore suggests keeping it simple by making a meal of vegetables paired with whole grains or legumes (beans or lentils). Here are three meals that fill the bill.
Grilled eggplant steak with cucumber, tomato, onion, chickpea, and feta salad
Slice an eggplant (from root to stem) into three-inch thick “steaks.” On each side, drizzle olive oil and a little black pepper. Grill on both sides until tender.
Dice two tomatoes, one cucumber, and half a red onion. Add a can of rinsed, drained chickpeas. Toss with a dressing of olive oil, a little red wine vinegar, and oregano to taste.
Serve the salad over the eggplant steak. Top with some diced feta cheese, if you like.
Veggie pita pocket with gazpacho
Put a couple of tomatoes, a cucumber, a green pepper, half a red onion, some bread crusts, and a little olive oil into a blender. Blend until chunky or finer, as you prefer. Add salt, pepper, and cumin to taste, blending for a few more seconds. Chill for 30 minutes.
Open a whole-wheat pita and spread a tablespoon of hummus inside. Add slices of zucchini and carrots, and some arugula, salad greens, or other vegetables that appeal to you.
Serve the pita with half a cup of the gazpacho.
Quinoa-stuffed red peppers
Based on a recipe from BIDMC’s CardioVascular Institute’s Hungry Heart Cookbook by Liz Moore, RD, LDN
Cut peppers in half, remove seeds, and lay them open side up on a dish.
Mix cooked quinoa, diced tomatoes, and corn off the cob (you can grill the corn first and cut off the kernels for a special summer flair). Add low-fat grated cheddar cheese, canned (rinsed) black beans, one egg, and some spices to taste, such as a bit of cumin, chili powder, salt, and pepper.
Use the mixture to stuff the peppers evenly, and then cook them on the grill in a grilling basket for about 30 minutes. You can also cook them in the oven at 350° F on a cookie sheet or in a roasting pan, checking at 30 minutes to see if they are done.
Other ideas include
grilled veggie kebabs with chunks of eggplant, zucchini, cherry tomatoes, and mushrooms. Serve on a bed of lettuce and add a little goat cheese.
whole-wheat pasta with a mix of sautéed vegetables that appeal to you.
salad with green leaf lettuce, raw green beans, cherry tomatoes, Kalamata or black olives, and half a hard-boiled egg. Top with a dressing you enjoy.
Which combinations of summer vegetables you choose can depend on cost, taste preferences, and how much time you want to spend cooking. If you’re in a hurry, go with a salad. If you have more time, try grilling or sautéing vegetables.
Finally, be open to inspiration from the bounty you see at the market. “Focus on getting a variety of colors in the vegetables you choose. The more colors there are on the plate, the more nutrients you’ll be consuming,” Moore says. “And try something new. Explore vegetables you’ve never tried before or new methods of cooking. Think of it as one of summer’s glorious adventures.”
Heidi Godman is the executive editor of the Harvard Health Letter. Before coming to the Health Letter, she was an award-winning television news anchor and medical reporter for 25 years. Heidi was named a journalism fellow … See Full Bio
Try our lighter carrot cake, which the entire family will love. It has just the right texture, like a slightly sweetened, light corn bread. It’s great on its own or with a dollop of frozen whipped topping or nonfat ice cream.
Ingredients
No-stick baking spray with flour
1 cup unbleached all-purpose flour
½ cup whole wheat flour
½ cup granulated sugar substitute
¼ cup packed light brown sugar
¼ cup nonfat dry milk
1 ¼ teaspoons baking soda
1 ½ teaspoons baking powder
1 teaspoon ground cinnamon
¼ teaspoon ground cloves
½ teaspoon ground nutmeg
½ teaspoon ground allspice
¼ cup canola oil
1 large egg
¾ cup egg substitute
1 ½ cups finely grated carrots
2 tablespoons finely chopped walnuts
2 tablespoons golden raisins
One 6-ounce can unsweetened crushed pineapple, drained
2 tablespoons confectioners’ sugar, optional
Directions
Preheat the oven to 350ºF. Coat a 10-inch pan with baking spray.
Sift the white and whole wheat flours into a large bowl. Add the sugar substitute, brown sugar, dry milk, baking soda, baking powder and spices. Stir to mix well. Using the medium setting of an electric mixer, beat in the oil, egg and egg substitute until the batter is smooth. Fold in the carrots, walnuts, raisins and pineapple.
Spread the batter into the prepared pan and bake for 30 minutes, until a toothpick inserted in the center of the cake comes out clean. Cool in the pan. Remove the outer ring of the pan and sift confectioners’ sugar over the top, if desired. Serve at room temperature.
Dietitian’s Note: Never has carrot cake tasted so good, and been so guiltless! When compared to traditional carrot cake with icing, you save 180 calories, 12 grams of fat, and 4 grams of saturated fat.
Omelets are a great choice for a one-skillet meal, and our recipe delivers on nutrition and taste! This meatless dinner option provides 100% of your daily vitamin C and is a good source of calcium.
Cook potatoes in boiling water until tender, about 12 minutes.
In a nonstick pan, add vegetable spray and warm at medium heat.
Add onion and sauté until brown. Add vegetables and sauté until tender but not brown.
In a medium mixing bowl, slightly beat eggs and egg whites, pepper, garlic powder, oregano and low-fat mozzarella cheese. Stir egg-cheese mixture into the cooked vegetables.
In a 10-inch pie pan or ovenproof skillet, add vegetable spray and transfer potatoes and egg mixture to pan. Sprinkle with low-fat parmesan cheese and bake until firm and brown on top, about 20 to 30 minutes.
Remove omelet from oven, cool for 10 minutes, and cut into five pieces.
Ingredient health benefits
Potatoes: Don’t let their higher carb and caloric content scare you; in moderation, these starchy vegetables are delicious and nutritious. Potatoes are full of vitamins and minerals like vitamin C , which boosts your immune system, and vitamin B6, which suppresses inflammation and promotes brain health. To get the most out of your potatoes, cook them with the skin on.
Onions: This allium is more famous for its potent aroma than its health perks, but rest assured, there are plenty to go around. For instance, onions have chemicals called flavonoids that fight inflammation and help lower blood pressure. And in addition to being a good source of fiber, onions contain prebiotics, which feeds the good bacteria in your gut so they can keep your whole body healthy.
Zucchini: If you’re looking for foods with head-to-toe benefits, consider adding squashes like zucchini to your diet. Nutritional highlights include calcium, vitamin A and vitamin C — all of which support strong bones and healthy eyes. Squashes are also a good plant source of iron, which keeps your blood cells happy.
Red bell peppers: These members of the nightshade family are an excellent, nutrient-dense addition to any meal. Red bell peppers are chock full of vitamins like vitamin E and vitamin B9 (folate). They also contain anthocyanins, which are natural plant pigments that protect your heart, help lower your blood pressure and might support your brain function.
Mushrooms: Though these fungi may be small, they’re a mighty culinary ingredient. Mushrooms are full of antioxidants, which help protect your cells from damage by free radicals. And they have compounds that stimulate your immune system to fight invaders and, potentially, cancer. Other properties found in mushrooms also support the health of your heart, gut and brain!
Eggs: A perfect example of how good things come in small, oval-shaped packages. Eggs are rich in vitamins like vitamin B12, which is essential for your blood cells and nerve cells to work properly. Eggs also have lutein, a carotenoid that helps preserve your vision. Egg whites have about 60% of the protein found in an egg.
Nutrition information (per serving)
Makes 5 servings
Calories: 290 Total fat: 6 g Saturated fat: 2.5 g Trans fat: 0 g Cholesterol: 120mg Sodium: 250 mg Total carbohydrate: 43 g Fiber: 6 g Sugars: 5 g Protein: 18 g
— Recipe courtesy of Digestive Disease Health Team Dietitians.
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Multiple cardiac benefits result from frequent consumption of dark chocolates rich in flavanols, including our response to stress.
Recently when talking with my 7-year-old daughter, I asked her what was the best food she could eat for a snack. As the daughter of a cardiologist you may imagine that she would have been taught the enduring virtues of eating fruits and vegetables and how these are the best foods to use as snacks. She told me that my question was easy and replied, “the best snack is chocolate.” I asked her where she learned that and she told me her mother told her so. How can you really argue against that logic?
This question posed to my daughter then led to more investigation during my clinic. I asked many patients informally what were their favorite snacks. Since they were in a cardiologist’s office they would often say some sort of fruit or vegetable and then add they only consume it in a small quantity.
I then would ask, “now what really is your favorite snack?”
I particularly enjoyed the response of a couple in their mid 70s. I have seen both of them both for atrial fibrillation for over 5 years. She said, “my true favorite snack is chocolate.” Then almost immediately after, as if there was a sense of guilt in admitting this, she said, “but chocolate is healthy right? I try to eat dark chocolate.” Her husband laughed at her and said she eats more than dark chocolate. He then replied, “my favorite snack is anything you put in front of me.” In my informal poll of true favorite snacks, chocolate was mentioned in about two thirds of my patients. Most of my patients felt dark chocolate in particular was healthy.
Dark chocolate and other cocoa products have gained a lot of attention worldwide as dietary supplements to improve heath. These products are rich in in flavanols. Flavanols are felt to mediate some of the heart healthy properties of chocolate. Flavanols are also found in many other food sources felt to be heart healthy such as grapes, apples, blackberries, legumes, red wine, and green tea. But of all of these food sources, the relative concentration of flavanols is highest in chocolate. As you may have guessed, dark chocolate contains much higher concentrations of flavanols compared to milk or white chocolate. In some chocolates the production process all but eliminates flavanols.
What Are the Heart and Vascular Benefits of Eating Dark Chocolate?
Lower Blood Pressure. Consumption of cocoa increases nitric oxide, studies show. For a good review of benefits, see Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health. Nitric oxide is a naturally occurring chemical in our bodies. Nitric oxide acts on small receptors in our blood vessels and prompts the vessels to dilate. This process lowers blood pressure. High blood pressure as discussed in many of my prior columns is associated with many types of heart disease including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and atherosclerosis. High blood pressure is also associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and stroke.
Coronary Artery Health and Stability. As our arteries become diseased from atherosclerosis, plaques grow and over time begin to impair blood flow. If the surface of these plaques becomes disrupted or inflamed the plaques may ulcerate. The body responds to the ulceration by forming a clot in an effort to heal the wound. This process can lead to a heart attack. Cocoa may help stabilize plaques and minimize their risk of rupture by reducing smooth muscle cell proliferation (a process that causes plaques to grow), platelet adhesion (a process that results in clot formation in the artery), and preventing leukocyte adhesion and migration (processes that causes these plaques to become inflamed and unstable).
Lower Cholesterol. People with elevated total cholesterol with increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol have a higher risk of cardiac disease, in particular coronary atherosclerosis and heart attacks. Flavanols reduce cholesterol absorption in our gastrointestinal track and also the synthesis of LDL cholesterol, research shows. They may also help raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the part of our cholesterol that is felt to be protective of heart disease, a clinical trial reported. Lower LDL and higher HDL levels after cocoa consumption were seen in people with both normal cholesterol levels to begin with and those with elevated levels that needed treatment. Multiple medications reduce LDL cholesterol, but very few things and essentially no medications raise HDL cholesterol consistently.
Dark Chocolate Changes Our Body’s Response to Stress
My wife often says, “I eat chocolate when I am stressed.” As I mentioned in a prior column, stress and our response to it can be a very potent risks of heart disease. In this regard, what if chocolate can improve how we respond to stress?
This brings me to the newest study regarding dark chocolate that I found very interesting. When we are stressed our body signals out chemicals that raise our blood pressure and help us fight the stressor. These chemicals or hormones are stored in the brain (pituitary gland), the adrenal glands, and other parts of the nervous system. A rececent study looked at how the body responded to stress by measuring these chemicals (cortisol, epinephrine, adrenocorticotropic hormone [ACTH], and norepinephrine) in 31 men consuming dark chocolate (“Noir 72 percent”; Chocolat Frey AG, Buchs/Aargau, Switzerland) versus 34 men that received a placebo chocolate that did not contain flavanols. The men then underwent a significant stress.
The stress was a 5-minute mock job interview and then a 5-minute mental arithmetic task in front of an audience. It is probably easy for most of us to imagine feeling very stressed if we had to try to solve a complex math problem in our head in 5 minutes while others watched, or we had to receive an intense job interview.
What these researchers found about the effect of chocolate was significant. Those men consuming dark chocolate had lower levels of cortisol and epinephrine after the stress. Although their brain response to stress was similar (ACTH levels were identical in both groups) the body’s response to the brain signals of stress was blunted. In particular, the response of the adrenal gland, which produces cortisol, was much less. Less released cortisol and epinephrine with stress is important as these are strong stimulants of the heart and blood vessels. With repetitive stress over time, both the heart and blood pressure have be negatively effected. Finally, since the body response was less significant, men consuming dark chocolate reported having less feelings of stress during the process.
My daughter was right, dark chocolate or chocolate rich in flavanols is a healthy food choice. The benefits of dark chocolate need to be carefully considered with the calories consumed, but in general there are multiple heart-related advantages with frequent consumption. In addition, as my wife mentioned to me, dark chocolate also may help you deal with stress, not only how you perceive it mentally, but also how your body responds to it.
Who doesn’t want a healthy immune system? (Raise your hand. No one?) But did you know the role your diet plays in keeping it in top shape to protect you from toxins and infections? Sadly, too many of us don’t eat enough of the fresh fruits, vegetables and other foods we need to keep ourselves healthy year-round. Healthy foods provide many substances including vitamins and minerals to keep us strong and healthy. You can’t just eat an orange or grapefruit or pop a vitamin pill and expect one quick burst of vitamin C to prevent a cold and to boost your immune system. “A truly healthy immune system depends on a balanced healthy diet over time,” says registered dietitian Maxine Smith. “It’s like training for a battle and preparing your body ahead of time so it can through a good punch when attacked by viruses, bacteria and toxins. Other lifestyle practices such as regular exercise and good sleep will better prepare you for the battle.” With some exceptions, it’s best to get your vitamins and minerals from your food rather than in pill form. Smith shares some tips for some of the top vitamins and minerals your immune system needs to perform:
1. Vitamin C Vitamin C may help prevent infections or shorten their stay. Citrus fruits are a standout, but did you know there are other good sources? It’s true! Smith recommends the following: Spinach. Kale. Bell peppers. Brussels sprouts. Strawberries. Papaya. Fun fact: vitamin C is in so many foods that most people may not need to take supplements unless a doctor advises it. Consult with your doctor before taking any vitamin C supplements
2. Vitamin E Like vitamin C, vitamin E can be a powerful antioxidant that helps your body fight off infection. This important vitamin — part of nearly 200 biochemical reactions in your body — is critical in how your immune system functions. To get your vitamin E, think high-fat plant foods such as: Almonds. Peanuts/peanut butter. Sunflower seeds. Oils such as sunflower, safflower, and soybean oil. Hazelnuts.
3. Vitamin A#
Vitamin A is an infection-fighter and comes in two forms: preformed such as in animal foods such as fish, meat and dairy or from plant carotenoids. Tuna is a great source of preformed vitamin A. When it comes to carotenoids, go colorful: Carrots. Sweet potatoes. Pumpkin. Butternut squash. Cantaloupe. Dark green leafy vegetables.
4. Vitamin D Known as the sunshine vitamin, it’s one of the most important and powerful nutrients for supporting the immune system. Food sources are limited but include: Salmon. Mackerel. Tuna. Sardines. Vitamin D fortified like milk, orange juice and cereals. In general, it’s best to get most of your vitamins from food, but vitamin D may be the exception to that rule. Talk with your doctor to find out if you need a supplement.
5. Folate/folic acid Folate is the natural form and folic acid is the synthetic form, often added to foods because of its health benefits. To get more folate, add more beans and lentils to your plate on a regular basis, as well as leafy green vegetables. Avocado is another tasty source. You can also get folic acid in fortified foods (check the label first). Enriched pasta. Enriched bread. Enriched rice.
6. Iron Iron, which helps your body carry oxygen to cells, plays a part in many of the immune system processes. It comes in different forms. Your body can more easily absorb heme iron (aka iron from animal products), which is abundant in: Red meat (limit to smaller amounts and less often). Chicken. Turkey. Canned sardines. Oysters. Clams. Mussels. Canned light tuna. If you’re a vegetarian, have no fear. You can still find iron in: Beans. Broccoli. Kale. Iron-fortified cereals.
7. Selenium Selenium seems to have a powerful effect on the immune system being important for preventing infections. Animal foods are the best sources, with the exception of Brazil nuts, that offer a whopping greater than 100% daily value in one nut. However, too much can be a problem, so keep to no more than one to two of these in a day. Look for selenium in: Seafood (tuna, halibut, sardines). Meat and liver. Poultry. Cottage cheese.
8. Zinc Zinc is needed for the production of new immune system cells. It’s found primarily in animal foods but can be also found in some vegetarian food like. Oysters. Crab. Lean meats and poultry. Baked beans. Yogurt. Chickpeas. Choose frozen when you can’t get fresh Depending on where you live and what time of year it is, you can’t always get your hands on high-quality fresh produce. Keep in mind that buying frozen is a good option and can be quite convenient in our time-crunched world. Frozen food can still boost your immune system. “Manufacturers freeze frozen fruits and veggies at ‘peak’ ripeness, which means they’ll pack a similar nutritional value as their fresh counterparts,” she says. “Just choose plain frozen foods rather than those with added sugars or sodium.” Facebook Twitter
We all want to protect our kids whether it be from falls, bumps and bruises — or avoidable infections and diseases. To help your child avoid illness, it’s important to encourage good habits and take steps to boost their immune system from an early age.
“Most of what makes a child’s immune system strong is common sense,” says pediatrician Adriane Lioudis, MD. If you keep these five tips in mind, you’ll stack the deck in your child’s favor for a healthier life.
1. For newborns, consider breastfeeding
While it’s a very personal decision (that isn’t always possible), if you are able to exclusively breastfeed your child for at least six months, it may have benefits. Some research shows that breastfeeding your child might possibly reduce allergies, Dr. Lioudis says.
2. Promote regular hand washing
Eighty percent of infections are spread by touch. Teach your little one to take the time to wash their hands after sneezing, coughing and going to the bathroom. Washing hands with warm water and soap for at least 20 seconds can remove bacteria and viruses and can reduce the chance of lung infections by up to 45%.
“Get the flu shot for your child yearly, as well,” Dr. Lioudis says. This is particularly important for children with asthma and other chronic health conditions.
Also, if your family will be traveling internationally, it’s important to seek advice from your child’s healthcare provider about any needed vaccinations.
4. Make sleep a priority
To maximize immunity, children must get enough sleep.
Babies between 0 and 3 months need 14 to 17 hours of sleep. Those between 4 and 12 months need 12 to 16 hours of sleep.
Children between the ages of 1 and 2 need between 11 and 14 hours.
Kids between the ages of 3 and 5 should get from10 to 13 hours.
Children ages 6 to 12 should get between 9 and 12 hours.
Teens between the ages of 13 to 18 need 8 to 10 hours.
Not getting enough sleep limits the body’s ability to produce proteins called cytokines that help fight infection and reduce inflammation.
5. Encourage a healthy diet
A healthy diet is also important for your child’s immune system.
Dr. Lioudis recommends encouraging your child to “eat the rainbow” when it comes to fruits and vegetables. A good selection of whole grains should be part of their diet as well. Keep processed foods to a minimum. Proper food choices can help ensure that your child gets enough vitamins — such as vitamin A and E. These vitamins are needed to maintain good health and a strong immune system.
You can’t avoid all illness, but some kids need extra protection
“Even if you follow these tips, your child might still get between seven and 11 colds each year,” says Dr. Lioudis. She adds that you can expect each one to last up to two weeks.
Also, keep in mind that some things billed as common “remedies” aren’t effective in boosting immunity. For example, there’s no definitive proof that large amounts of vitamin C or echinacea help prevent colds or shorten them, she says.
However, if your child has a compromised immune system, work closely with your pediatrician to find ways to improve his or her immunity. Each child needs a personalized approach because their individual immune system varies, Dr. Lioudis says.
“There’s generally a different protocol with immunocompromised children. There are some vaccines we have to add in on top of what most children have, but it’s something that we must determine on a case-by-case basis.
The Mediterranean diet has been shown time and again to lower heart attack and stroke risks. But it’s not about eating specific amounts of particular foods. It’s a pattern of healthy eating that includes
Protect and build muscle while getting essential amino acids and calcium with this protein
Milk really does do a body good. It’s high in calcium, vitamin D and potassium. And it’s also rich in a beneficial protein called casein (pronounced ”KAY-seen“).
If you’re a regular dairy milk drinker, you’re already getting some benefits of casein. But you may want to consider adding more casein to your diet. Athletes and bodybuilders have been using casein protein powder for years. But the benefits of casein aren’t just for pro sports players.
“Protein is a vital part of any balanced diet,” says registered dietitian Elyse Homan, RD, LD. “But different proteins have different effects. Understanding how each protein works is beneficial, especially if you’re supplementing with it.”
What is casein?
Casein is the main protein found in dairy milk, which includes the milk from:
Cows.
Goats.
Sheep.
Casein makes up about 80% of the protein found in milk. The other 20% comes from whey protein.
“When you think of curds and whey,” Homan says, “the solid part is casein protein, and the liquid part is whey protein.”
Help your tissues and organs change and grow as needed.
Protect your body from viruses and bacteria.
Support your body’s movement by providing cell structure.
Casein vs. whey
Casein and whey have a lot in common. They’re both:
Animal-based proteins.
Complete proteins — they contain all the amino acids your body needs.
Excellent sources of calcium.
Found in dairy milk.
The main difference is that casein is a slower-digesting protein than whey. “Casein forms a gel-like substance in your stomach,” Homan explains. “It releases more slowly than other proteins and takes longer for your body to absorb.”
Casein protein benefits
Getting the recommended daily amount of protein helps you stay healthy. But casein’s slow absorption also gives it some added advantages. The health benefits of casein include:
1. Gives you all the essential amino acids
Amino acids combine to form proteins. There are 20 amino acids that your body needs to work correctly, and they join in various ways to create different proteins.
Your body makes some of the amino acids it needs, but there are nine essential amino acids that your body can’t produce — you must get them from food. Casein is a complete protein and has all nine essential amino acids.
2. Reduces muscle breakdown
Your cells rely on regular “feedings” of amino acids to continually make proteins. When you go without eating overnight or during an extended fast, your cells may not get the needed amino acids. As a result, they look for those amino acids elsewhere and break down your body’s muscles to get them.
As a slow-release protein, casein provides your cells with the amino acids they need over a long period. The slow absorption consistently feeds your cells with amino acids, allowing muscles to recover instead of breaking down.
3. Promotes muscle growth
Casein contains a high amount of leucine, an amino acid that regulates metabolism (how your body changes food into energy) and helps build and repair muscles. If you don’t typically consume a lot of protein, adding more leucine-heavy protein to your diet (like casein) can help your muscles grow when also engaging in regular exercise.
4. Provides a good source of calcium
The casein in milk is a good source of calcium, which is essential for teeth and bone health. Not getting enough calcium can lead to a loss of bone mass and increase your risk of osteoporosis (a disease that weakens your bones).
Casein protein powder may contain up to 50% of your recommended calcium intake — but always check the label to make sure that the protein powder is a good source of calcium.
How casein protein powder can help
Casein protein’s general health benefits are good for everyone. But using casein protein powder ensures you’ll get a more significant amount of casein each day. Talk to your healthcare provider about taking casein protein powder for:
Different types of proteins affect you differently after you eat them:
Whey protein, which you absorb quickly, makes you feel full immediately after ingesting it.
Casein’s slow rate of release helps you feel fuller longer.
One study found that participants who consumed casein protein powder before a meal ate less at that meal than people who had whey protein, egg albumin (made from egg whites) or water alone.
“Our bodies only absorb so much protein at one time,” Homan clarifies. “About 30 grams of protein per meal is a good amount to consume. If you plan to have more than one serving of casein powder daily, space it out.” It may help you stave off cravings and decrease snacking between meals, too.
Overnight muscle growth and recovery
Bodybuilders and athletes know that protein is key for building muscle. But keeping your body’s protein levels up overnight can be challenging. That is, unless you ingest casein immediately before going to sleep.
Research shows that consuming casein protein before bed balances your body’s protein level throughout the night. When your protein level stays consistent, muscles can continue to grow and recover — even though you’re not eating.
What to consider before taking casein
For most people, casein doesn’t cause any side effects. But Homan says certain people may need to avoid or limit casein if they have a condition such as:
Casein allergy
If you have a milk allergy, the proteins in milk trigger your immune system and cause it to overreact. People with a milk allergy are allergic to casein, whey or both.
A severe allergy can cause anaphylaxis. More mild symptoms of a milk allergy include:
“Casein allergies are not as common in adults as in children, but they do exist,” notes Homan. If you suspect you have a milk allergy, an allergist can do a test to figure out what you’re allergic to.
Lactose intolerance
Like all dairy products, casein contains the sugar lactose. If you have lactose intolerance, your small intestine can’t digest milk sugar. When you have dairy products, you may develop symptoms including:
“Casein supplements do have lower amounts of lactose,” Homan states. “If you’d like to include casein in your diet but have a lactose sensitivity, the supplement might not trigger it. Talk to your healthcare provider if you’re interested in taking a supplement.”
Protein restrictions
People with kidney disease often need to limit their protein. Too much protein can cause too much waste in your blood. If your kidneys can’t remove the waste, the buildup of toxins can lead to serious health complications.
“People with a protein restriction, such as those with kidney disease, don’t have to avoid casein,” Homan says. “But they do need to watch how much total protein they eat. Your healthcare provider can help you figure out the right amount.”
Sources of casein protein
There are two ways you can add casein to your diet:
Casein supplements
A powdered casein supplement can help you get high amounts of it, according to Homan. The most common form of casein powder is micellar casein, or you can get a rapidly absorbing type (casein hydrolysate). One serving typically contains 24 to 27 grams of protein. Mix with water to create a protein shake, or add it to smoothies, yogurt or baked goods.
“People looking to build muscle or get more protein in their diet should talk to their healthcare provider about adding casein,” she adds. “Supplementing with casein isn’t necessary if you have a healthy, balanced diet, but it can be helpful for some people.”
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration doesn’t regulate supplements. So, it’s a good idea to look for a casein supplement that underwent third-party testing. It’s usually a sign of a higher quality product.
Casein food sources
Anyone can benefit from casein, and you and your family probably already get it from the dairy products you consume, such as:
“Adding a dairy product to your breakfast is an easy way to get some casein every day,” Homan encourages. One glass of milk has 8 grams of protein — 6.4 grams (80%) of that protein is casein. “It’s great to start your day with a good protein source.”FACEBOOK
